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Vorkommen und Gefährdung der Flechten Mecklenburg-VorpommernsBirgit Litterski, Ulf Schiefelbein, Volkmar WirthArchiv Natur- und Landeskunde Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 56 (2019)https://doi.org/10.30819/anlk.56.02 pp: 10-51 2019-12-16 |
Stichworte/keywords: conservation status, changes, habitat, landscape, substrate, species distribution, lichen diversity, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
The lichen flora in the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania was analysed with special focus on its occurrence in habitats. We distinguished the following habitats: coasts, waters, peatlands, forests (collectively subsumed under natural landscape), semi-cultivated land, cultivated land and settlement area (collectively subsumed under cultivated landscape). Presence and conservation status of lichen species were analysed with respect to their habitats, substrates and distribution patterns and compared with the correspondending traits of the lichen flora in all of Germany (Litterski et al. 2019) and of higher plants in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The number of lichens (39 %) growing in forests is high in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, similar to entire Germany, whereas the proportion of extinct and threatened lichen species in forests (Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania: 64 %, Germany: 56 %) is much higher than the proportion of extinct and threatened higher plant species in forests (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 20 %, Germany: 14 %). In contrast, the proportion of threatened lichens and higher plants in dry semi-cultivated land is equal (lichens in both areas: 52 %, higher plants in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 61 %, Germany: 42 %). We found a conservation status of high concern in terricolous and epiphytic lichens in both study areas. The proportion of extinct and threatened lichen species was around 60 % in each case. The proportion of threatened lichen species of distribution type I (temp/mo-alp–arct) in Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania is significantly higher compared to Germany as a whole (Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania: 75 % of 83 species, Germany: 46 % of 459 species). Among the endangered lichens of distribution type V (med–temp∙subatl) there are many species that depend on old-growth forests and have limited dispersal ability (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 69 % of 108 species, Germany: 67 % of 251 species being extinct or endangered).
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